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Below you can find datasets featured in the latest Global Carbon Budget report.
You can find more detail about the datasets in the dataset descriptions file. Please also refer to the Fair Use Statements below in regards to use of the datasets.
Latest datasets
- Dataset descriptions v2025 [pdf]
- Global Carbon Budget v2025 [xlsx]
- National fossil carbon emissions v2025 [xlsx]
- National land use change carbon emissions v2025 [xlsx]
- Fossil CO2 emissions [netCDF]
(Gridded 2015–2024 decadal mean) - Land use change carbon emissions [netCDF]
(Gridded 2015–2024 decadal mean) - Ocean carbon flux and response to drivers: atmospheric CO2 and changes to climate [netCDF]
(Gridded Global Ocean Biogeochemical Models, 2015–2024 decadal mean) - Ocean carbon flux [netCDF]
(Gridded surface ocean pCO2-based data products estimate, 2015–2024 decadal mean) - Land carbon flux [netCDF]
(Dynamic Global Vegetation Models, 2015–2024 decadal mean) - Land carbon flux response to drivers: rising atmospheric CO2 and changes to climate [netCDF]
(Dynamic Global Vegetation Models, 2015–2024 decadal mean) - Surface fCO2 and air–sea CO2 3D flux data (longitude, latitude, time)
- New data is available on Global Carbon Budget Data Browser.
Fair Use Statements
The data and model output provided on this site are freely available and were furnished by individual scientists who encourage their use.
Citation: Please cite the Global Carbon Budget 2025 (Friedlingstein et al., 2025, ESSD) for all data.
Acknowledgement: Please add the following text in the acknowledgement of your paper: “We acknowledge the Global Carbon Project, which is responsible for the Global Carbon Budget and we thank [relevant modelling groups] for producing and making available their model output.”
Example acknowledgement (land data): “We acknowledge the Global Carbon Project, which is responsible for the Global Carbon Budget and we thank the land modelling groups for producing and making available their model output.”
Ocean data
If you use ocean datasets, please comply with the following Fair Use statements.
Citation: Please cite the Global Carbon Budget 2025 (Friedlingstein et al., 2025, ESSD) for all data. In addition, please also cite the corresponding original reference for each dataset that has been used — see Table 4 in the Global Carbon Budget for references of all the individual Global Ocean Biogeochemical Models and fCO2-based data-products. Further, for an overview of the Global Ocean Biogeochemical Model output, you may find it useful to cite Hauck et al. (2020, Frontiers, doi:10.3389/fmars.2020.571720).
Acknowledgement: Please add the following text in the acknowledgement of your paper: “We acknowledge the Global Carbon Project, which is responsible for the Global Carbon Budget and we thank the ocean modeling and fCO2-mapping groups for producing and making available their model and fCO2-product output.”
Co-authorship: An invitation of co-authorship to the contributing groups is encouraged if these data are the central data set of the publication.
